Wednesday, December 9, 2015

the Power of Proper Argumentation

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Argumentation and debate are tools of persuasion. More than that, they are powerful artwork expressed with words, sculpted with logic, and painted with passion. Good argumentation is an effective tool that can help on the journey towards progress. It will drive others to think, to ponder, to challenge their own thoughts. It will remain respectful while responding powerfully, ever ready to discover truth. When abused, it becomes an ugly and warped picture, a dissonant song. Whether embraced or abused, argumentation is a vital part of life and must be studied, mastered, and shared for the betterment of us all.  

The Power of Visual Argumentation


http://www.webdesignbooth.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/fedex-advertisement.jpg

Visuals in argumentation and persuasion are extremely effective. For example, this advertisement for FedEx is making the claim that FedEx will deliver the product to you in the same condition that it was sent. The use of a vase is particularly effective because vases are noticeably fragile and easily broken if mishandled.

An Appeal to Santa


http://megjohnsonspeaks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Calvin-Hobbes-Comic-Strips-calvin-and-hobbes-27569856-500-160.gif

Here Calvin is arguing using the false cause approach. He is attributing his bad behavior to a bad environment and "mitigating circumstances" though that is clearly not true. He's a pretty funny kid though!

San Bernardino and Policy Claims


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Transcript of President's address regarding San Bernardino:

http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/06/politics/transcript-obama-san-bernardino-isis-address/

Following the tragic terrorist attack on San Bernardino, California, President Obama issued this statement. His words demonstrate an important part of argumentation - the policy claim. Here is his policy claim:

"Here's how. First, our military will continue to hunt down terrorist plotters in any country where it is necessary. In Iraq and Syria, airstrikes are taking out ISIL leaders, heavy weapons, oil tankers, infrastructure. And since the attacks in Paris, our closest allies -- including France, Germany, and the United Kingdom -- have ramped up their contributions to our military campaign, which will help us accelerate our effort to destroy ISIL. Second, we will continue to provide training and equipment to tens of thousands of Iraqi and Syrian forces fighting ISIL on the ground so that we take away their safe havens. In both countries, we're deploying Special Operations Forces who can accelerate that offensive. We've stepped up this effort since the attacks in Paris, and we'll continue to invest more in approaches that are working on the ground.
Third, we're working with friends and allies to stop ISIL's operations -- to disrupt plots, cut off their financing, and prevent them from recruiting more fighters. Since the attacks in Paris, we've surged intelligence-sharing with our European allies. We're working with Turkey to seal its border with Syria. And we are cooperating with Muslim-majority countries -- and with our Muslim communities here at home -- to counter the vicious ideology that ISIL promotes online.
Fourth, with American leadership, the international community has begun to establish a process -- and timeline -- to pursue ceasefires and a political resolution to the Syrian war. Doing so will allow the Syrian people and every country, including our allies, but also countries like Russia, to focus on the common goal of destroying ISIL -- a group that threatens us all.
This is our strategy to destroy ISIL. It is designed and supported by our military commanders and counterterrorism experts, together with 65 countries that have joined an American-led coalition. And we constantly examine our strategy to determine when additional steps are needed to get the job done. That's why I've ordered the Departments of State and Homeland Security to review the visa (waiver) program under which the female terrorist in San Bernardino originally came to this country. And that's why I will urge high-tech and law enforcement leaders to make it harder for terrorists to use technology to escape from justice.
Now, here at home, we have to work together to address the challenge. There are several steps that Congress should take right away.
To begin with, Congress should act to make sure no one on a no-fly list is able to buy a gun. What could possibly be the argument for allowing a terrorist suspect to buy a semi-automatic weapon? This is a matter of national security.
We also need to make it harder for people to buy powerful assault weapons like the ones that were used in San Bernardino. I know there are some who reject any gun safety measures. But the fact is that our intelligence and law enforcement agencies -- no matter how effective they are -- cannot identify every would-be mass shooter, whether that individual is motivated by ISIL or some other hateful ideology. What we can do -- and must do -- is make it harder for them to kill.
Next, we should put in place stronger screening for those who come to America without a visa so that we can take a hard look at whether they've traveled to warzones. And we're working with members of both parties in Congress to do exactly that.
Finally, if Congress believes, as I do, that we are at war with ISIL, it should go ahead and vote to authorize the continued use of military force against these terrorists. For over a year, I have ordered our military to take thousands of airstrikes against ISIL targets. I think it's time for Congress to vote to demonstrate that the American people are united, and committed, to this fight.
My fellow Americans, these are the steps that we can take together to defeat the terrorist threat." 
In this part of his speech, the President calls for a very specific course of action in response to the horrible attack. 

Finals............


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The Argument every College Student wants to make this week.

The Effectiveness of One-Liner Rebuttals

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmYsH4reZek

This clip from "Boy Meets World" demonstrates the effectiveness of clever rebuttals. Though Mr. Turner (younger teacher) does not follow the proper rebuttal protocol, he certainly provides an answer for everything Mr. Feeny says. It is quite hilarious. Enjoy. 

Frustrations and Generalizations

http://www.iran-daily.com/File/File/136640


READ THIS: http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/07/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-immigration/

This article reports of Donald Trump's latest publicity stunt. He makes me very frustrated. His recent comments regarding banning all Muslims is ridiculous, unAmerican, and cruel. It is a fallacious argument in which he generalizes a whole group of people based on the actions of a select few. There are many Muslims who are American and love this country. Similarly, there are many Muslims who seek to enter this country because they value the freedoms and safety that we offer. Trump's ridiculous proposal completely opposes all the values on which America stands. I cannot believe he is a front-runner. 

Why the World Needs More Aggies

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READ THIS: http://wordsfromwags.com/why-we-would-be-a-better-world-if-we-were-all-from-texas-am/

This is a link to an article in which the man argues that the world needs more Aggies. His argument is good, and I completely agree. Though not all Aggies value and live up to the university spirit and code, those that do certainly shine a unique light. Thanks and gig'em, Texas A&M. 

Best Show Ever


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This poster makes the claim that "Boy Meets World" is the best show ever. I happen to agree. Here is any example of the hilarity and poignancy at the same time offered in the show:

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What fashion would be like if Topanga Lawrence was President. Not only is it funny, but it comments on the dangers that stem from false perceptions and unrealistic expectations from the fashion industry. Life lessons from "Boy Meets World".

Privilege and Music

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMhFyWEMlD4

This song, Boys Keep Swinging", by David Bowie presents an interesting argument regarding gender privilege. It was one of the first songs of it's kind and challenged gender privilege of the time.

Lyrics: 
Heaven loves ya
The clouds part for ya
Nothing stands in your way
When you're a boy

Clothes always fit ya
Life is a pop of the cherry
When you're a boy

When you're a boy
You can wear a uniform
When you're a boy
Other boys check you out
You get a girl
These are your favourite things
When you're a boy

Boys

Boys
Boys keep swinging
Boys always work it out

Uncage the colours

Unfurl the flag
Luck just kissed you hello
When you're a boy

They'll never clone ya

You're always first on the line
When you're a boy

When you're a boy

You can buy a home of your own
When you're a boy
Learn to drive and everything
You'll get your share
When you're a boy

Boys

Boys
Boys keep swinging
Boys always work it out
http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/davidbowie/boyskeepswinging.html

Laziness of Mind


http://www.liberator.net/humor/pic-dthink.gif

Understanding and questioning are important aspects of argumentation and daily life in general. Too often, we do not wish to think critically about topics or arguments. We have become lazy of mind. We do not want to be questioned, challenged, or opposed because..well...we are right and we know it even if we don't know why but we don't want to think about that because we know we're right! How sad the cycle of circular reasoning. It kills creativity, productivity, and progress.

Critical Thought and Ethos


http://aeo.sllf.qmul.ac.uk/Files/CriticalThinking/Critical%20Thinking%20Cartoon.bmp

This cartoon demonstrates the importance of critical thought when analyzing a source's validity. It is easy to blindly use a source because it fits our argument, but, if the statistics or facts are not true, it not only destroys the credibility of the source but also yours as well. It is important to argue with as up-to-date facts as available as well as with sources that are true authorities on topics.

Poor Argumentaiton

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WO23WBji_Z0

Here is a clip from the movie, "Annie Get Your Gun", an old western with Howard Keel and Betty Hutton. This song hilariously epitomizes poor argumentation. 

Monday, December 7, 2015

Blog Post 10 - Final Statement - Argumentation as an Artform

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          Argumentation is an art. It is a way of expressing the depth of our minds, our logic, our feelings with regards to the issues that form the very fabric of our world. As the fortune cookie asserts, arguing is not about beating the other person, rather, it is a journey meant to guide all towards progress and greater enlightenment. With that in mind, all forms of argumentation and persuasion are not created equal. Fallacious arguments such as ad hominems, red herrings, false analogies, and generalizations serve only to damage the beauty of a well-constructed argument. They may seem convincing but falter under any scrutiny. However, a proper mix of ethos, pathos, and logos create a well-balanced argument. Pathos and logos are key part of a good argument. Pathos speaks to those in touch with their emotional side. To this group, emotional stories move them to action and help them to feel motivated towards change and a new opinion. However, some are more logical and require logos to be convinced. For these people, hard facts and logical reasoning can convince them to alter their opinions. It is important, in argumentation, to know your audience, and, often times, it is wise to include both pathos and logos. However, for both, if the speaker has not authority, their words are immediately degraded which is why ethos is so vital.
           Today, many people place to much emphasis on images and clever phrases, rather than understanding the value of words. This is a detriment to argumentation because, like literature, it is an art of, sometimes many, words. While images can speak loudly when properly placed in arguments, they are infinitely more effective when accompanied by powerful text. Just as images have altered argumentation, Facebook, Twitter, and other social media outlets have led to the degradation of argumentation by reducing it to nothing more than a petty exchange of poorly constructed attacks. While, at times, logical arguments have happened on Facebook and other forums, the vast majority of arguments include hurled insults and accusatory generalizations. Such forms does not promote a journey towards progress.
            Argumentation is vital in today's multicultural platform because, while the cultures of the world are continually more diverse, the spaces between us is continually shrinking. Through proper argumentation, we have a platform to examine and learn about other cultures while challenging our own perceptions and cultural practices because not all cultural practices should continue. Through argumentation, we can expand our understanding, not only of cultural practices, but also of how different cultural practices are perceived across the globe. Within a more national context, argumentation is also important to promote the wisest solutions to economic and social problems. While it can be a tool for lobbyists or politicians, it is also an important part of life for the individual peoples to understand what their leaders believe and strive to implement. Sadly, argumentation in national politics has been reduced to bribery and personal favors. In history, however, it has been used to change the world. Consider the American Revolution. It was the eloquent and aptly expressed arguments of the Founding Fathers that helped to create the United States of America.
             Many, even great thinkers in history, have criticized rhetoricians; however, how can we determine the validity of certain beliefs and customs without argumentation? How can we challenge perceptions and practices without debate? Persuasion and argumentation are vital parts of communication. They permeate every aspect of life from the food we eat to the places we go. We encounter arguments, engage in persuasion, and examine debates throughout our lives. We are all artists of argumentation. While many are....not particularly good...others have studied and mastered its art. With it, we can create empowering perspectives that challenge the world around us. While I am no master, I would like to consider myself an apprentice, challenged by our class to be sure that my logic is sound and my rebuttals thought out. I would like to consider myself an artist and my arguments a work of art.

Sunday, December 6, 2015

the Syrian Refugee Crisis

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Perhaps there is no perfect solution. Perhaps there is no ideal situation. Perhaps there is no good answer to the Syrian Refugee Crisis. However, I was discussing it with a group of friends today and someone brought up a very good point. He reminded us that this panic surrounding the entrance of Syrian Refugees is not new. Just prior to the beginning of World War II and before American involvement, similar feelings rippled throughout the United States with regards to eastern European Jews. In a poll done during that time, 67.4% were opposed to allowing political refugees from Germany and Austria into the United States (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/17/what-americans-thought-of-jewish-refugees-on-the-eve-of-world-war-ii/). I understand that we live in a different time with different threats and certainly a new kind of terror that is more clandestine than Hilter's Nazis. However, the plight of the people - whether they were Jewish or are Syrian - has not changed. They all seek refuge from the danger that plagues their homeland. That is not to say that a small number of them did not or are not seeking entrance into this nation with nefarious intentions. I am not so blind as to say that there are not evil people who will use the misfortunes of others to achieve their sinister intentions. However, we cannot deny that the majority of these people are mothers, sisters, fathers, brothers, husbands, grandparents, uncles, and aunts who seek safety and sustenance, the opportunity to live peacefully - just as you or I do. These people see a homeland just as our ancestors once did so many years ago and were able to find safety on these shores. I understand that this issue is complex, our economic infrastructure complicated, our government bogged down with inefficiency; however, should we not seek to find a solution that provides aid without closing our doors? Yes-Provisions and checks must be made for those who are malicious. We must protect our homeland from terror and provide help without causing serious problems to our citizens. However, we cannot turn a blind eye or close our ears and hearts to the cries of the men, women, and children who desperately need our aid. How can we espouse values of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and yet deny it to those who desperately seek it? By the end of the Second World War, between 60 and 80 million men, women, and children had perished. How many Syrian refugees will die before the countries of the world, before the United States, will step up and fulfill the ideals that she so proudly proclaims. I do not presume to know the best solution. I do not know how to fix the problem or naively assert that we implement some oversimplified solution. But this I know - something must be done. We cannot sit idly by any longer. No more children should ever wash up on the shores of a nation dead, victims of a deplorable world, snuffed out as their parents fled from evil, struggling towards the hope of a distant shore.

.  
http://headspacepress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/syrian-baby.jpg


Emma Lazarus wrote in her poem "the New Colossus" :

"Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand 

A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"




These words are inscribed on our Statue of Liberty. 

Are they true?


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Saturday, December 5, 2015

Story-telling and Persuasion

https://youtu.be/4lnRK8QpC14

Story-telling is an important part of argumentation. It can be an extremely effective way to use pathos and/or ethos (if it is a personal story) to strength, at least emotionally, an argument. This speech from "A Time to Kill" is a fantastic example of story-telling in persuasion and argumentation.

Persuasion and Association

One of the most effective ways to persuade a person to do or believe in something is by connecting it to something with which they are familiar or identify. Consider this commercial by Glade which associates their candles and smells with Christmas and peace, something to which many relate with fond feelings.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTJbKIRligo

Tuesday, December 1, 2015

Philips and Pathos

https://youtu.be/3WOJJ7NMJ80

Here is a video from Philips who produces electronic, healthcare products, and technology that masterfully uses pathos to encourage living life more fully while promoting their own product and healthcare innovations. It's a real tear-jerker.